diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/docker.py b/pre_commit/languages/docker.py
index 086e874d..39bf2e75 100644
--- a/pre_commit/languages/docker.py
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/docker.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import functools
 import hashlib
 import json
 import os
+import re
+import socket
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 
 from pre_commit import lang_base
@@ -21,9 +23,11 @@ in_env = lang_base.no_env  # no special environment for docker
 def _is_in_docker() -> bool:
     try:
         with open('/proc/1/cgroup', 'rb') as f:
-            return b'docker' in f.read()
+            if b'docker' in f.read():
+                return True
     except FileNotFoundError:
-        return False
+        pass
+    return os.path.exists('/.dockerenv')
 
 
 def _get_container_id() -> str:
@@ -34,6 +38,9 @@ def _get_container_id() -> str:
         for line in f.readlines():
             if line.split(b':')[1] == b'cpuset':
                 return os.path.basename(line.split(b':')[2]).strip().decode()
+    hostname = socket.gethostname()
+    if re.match(r'^[0-9a-f]{12}$', hostname):
+        return hostname
     raise RuntimeError('Failed to find the container ID in /proc/1/cgroup.')
 
 
diff --git a/tests/languages/docker_test.py b/tests/languages/docker_test.py
index 03235c46..ce535302 100644
--- a/tests/languages/docker_test.py
+++ b/tests/languages/docker_test.py
@@ -30,8 +30,13 @@ DOCKER_CGROUP_EXAMPLE = b'''\
 0::/system.slice/containerd.service
 '''  # noqa: E501
 
+DOCKER_CGROUPV2_EXAMPLE = b"""\
+0::/
+"""
+
 # The ID should match the above cgroup example.
 CONTAINER_ID = 'c33988ec7651ebc867cb24755eaf637a6734088bc7eef59d5799293a9e5450f7'  # noqa: E501
+SHORT_CONTAINER_ID = CONTAINER_ID[:12]
 
 NON_DOCKER_CGROUP_EXAMPLE = b'''\
 12:perf_event:/
@@ -117,8 +122,17 @@ def test_in_docker_docker_in_file():
         assert docker._is_in_docker() is True
 
 
+def _mock_dockerenv(exists):
+    return mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=exists)
+
+
+def test_in_docker_cgroupv2():
+    with _mock_open(DOCKER_CGROUPV2_EXAMPLE), _mock_dockerenv(True):
+        assert docker._is_in_docker() is True
+
+
 def test_in_docker_docker_not_in_file():
-    with _mock_open(NON_DOCKER_CGROUP_EXAMPLE):
+    with _mock_open(NON_DOCKER_CGROUP_EXAMPLE), _mock_dockerenv(False):
         assert docker._is_in_docker() is False
 
 
@@ -127,8 +141,16 @@ def test_get_container_id():
         assert docker._get_container_id() == CONTAINER_ID
 
 
+def test_get_container_id_cgroupv2():
+    with _mock_open(DOCKER_CGROUPV2_EXAMPLE), \
+            mock.patch('socket.gethostname', return_value=SHORT_CONTAINER_ID):
+        assert docker._get_container_id() == SHORT_CONTAINER_ID
+
+
 def test_get_container_id_failure():
-    with _mock_open(b''), pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+    with _mock_open(b''), \
+            mock.patch('socket.gethostname', return_value='foo'), \
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
         docker._get_container_id()