diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index e7256da1..34ace234 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ jobs:
         Write-Host "##vso[task.prependpath]C:\Strawberry\perl\site\bin"
         Write-Host "##vso[task.prependpath]C:\Strawberry\c\bin"
       displayName: Add strawberry perl to PATH
+    - task: PowerShell@2
+      inputs:
+        filePath: "testing/get-r.ps1"
+      displayName: install R
 - template: job--python-tox.yml@asottile
   parameters:
     toxenvs: [py37]
@@ -42,6 +46,8 @@ jobs:
         testing/get-swift.sh
         echo '##vso[task.prependpath]/tmp/swift/usr/bin'
       displayName: install swift
+    - bash: testing/get-r.sh
+      displayName: install R
 - template: job--python-tox.yml@asottile
   parameters:
     toxenvs: [pypy3, py36, py37, py38, py39]
@@ -56,3 +62,5 @@ jobs:
         testing/get-swift.sh
         echo '##vso[task.prependpath]/tmp/swift/usr/bin'
       displayName: install swift
+    - bash: testing/get-r.sh
+      displayName: install R
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/all.py b/pre_commit/languages/all.py
index 9c2e59d7..fde6000c 100644
--- a/pre_commit/languages/all.py
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/all.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from pre_commit.languages import node
 from pre_commit.languages import perl
 from pre_commit.languages import pygrep
 from pre_commit.languages import python
+from pre_commit.languages import r
 from pre_commit.languages import ruby
 from pre_commit.languages import rust
 from pre_commit.languages import script
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ languages = {
     'perl': Language(name='perl', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=perl.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=perl.get_default_version, healthy=perl.healthy, install_environment=perl.install_environment, run_hook=perl.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
     'pygrep': Language(name='pygrep', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=pygrep.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=pygrep.get_default_version, healthy=pygrep.healthy, install_environment=pygrep.install_environment, run_hook=pygrep.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
     'python': Language(name='python', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=python.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=python.get_default_version, healthy=python.healthy, install_environment=python.install_environment, run_hook=python.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
+    'r': Language(name='r', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=r.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=r.get_default_version, healthy=r.healthy, install_environment=r.install_environment, run_hook=r.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
     'ruby': Language(name='ruby', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=ruby.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=ruby.get_default_version, healthy=ruby.healthy, install_environment=ruby.install_environment, run_hook=ruby.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
     'rust': Language(name='rust', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=rust.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=rust.get_default_version, healthy=rust.healthy, install_environment=rust.install_environment, run_hook=rust.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
     'script': Language(name='script', ENVIRONMENT_DIR=script.ENVIRONMENT_DIR, get_default_version=script.get_default_version, healthy=script.healthy, install_environment=script.install_environment, run_hook=script.run_hook),  # noqa: E501
diff --git a/pre_commit/languages/r.py b/pre_commit/languages/r.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d42fea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/languages/r.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import shlex
+import shutil
+from typing import Generator
+from typing import Sequence
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from pre_commit.envcontext import envcontext
+from pre_commit.envcontext import PatchesT
+from pre_commit.hook import Hook
+from pre_commit.languages import helpers
+from pre_commit.prefix import Prefix
+from pre_commit.util import clean_path_on_failure
+from pre_commit.util import cmd_output_b
+
+ENVIRONMENT_DIR = 'renv'
+get_default_version = helpers.basic_get_default_version
+healthy = helpers.basic_healthy
+
+
+def get_env_patch(venv: str) -> PatchesT:
+    return (
+        ('R_PROFILE_USER', os.path.join(venv, 'activate.R')),
+    )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def in_env(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        language_version: str,
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    envdir = _get_env_dir(prefix, language_version)
+    with envcontext(get_env_patch(envdir)):
+        yield
+
+
+def _get_env_dir(prefix: Prefix, version: str) -> str:
+    return prefix.path(helpers.environment_dir(ENVIRONMENT_DIR, version))
+
+
+def _prefix_if_file_entry(
+    entry: Sequence[str],
+    prefix: Prefix,
+) -> Sequence[str]:
+    if entry[1] == '-e':
+        return entry[1:]
+    else:
+        return (prefix.path(entry[1]),)
+
+
+def _entry_validate(entry: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Allowed entries:
+    # Rscript -e expr
+    # Rscript path/to/file
+    """
+    if entry[0] != 'Rscript':
+        raise ValueError('entry must start with `Rscript`.')
+
+    if entry[1] == '-e':
+        if len(entry) > 3:
+            raise ValueError('You can supply at most one expression.')
+    elif len(entry) > 2:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'The only valid syntax is `Rscript -e {expr}`',
+            'or `Rscript path/to/hook/script`',
+        )
+
+
+def _cmd_from_hook(hook: Hook) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    opts = ('--no-save', '--no-restore', '--no-site-file', '--no-environ')
+    entry = shlex.split(hook.entry)
+    _entry_validate(entry)
+
+    return (
+        *entry[:1], *opts,
+        *_prefix_if_file_entry(entry, hook.prefix),
+        *hook.args,
+    )
+
+
+def install_environment(
+        prefix: Prefix,
+        version: str,
+        additional_dependencies: Sequence[str],
+) -> None:
+    env_dir = _get_env_dir(prefix, version)
+    with clean_path_on_failure(env_dir):
+        os.makedirs(env_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        path_desc_source = prefix.path('DESCRIPTION')
+        if os.path.exists(path_desc_source):
+            shutil.copy(path_desc_source, env_dir)
+        shutil.copy(prefix.path('renv.lock'), env_dir)
+        cmd_output_b(
+            'Rscript', '--vanilla', '-e',
+            """\
+            missing_pkgs <- setdiff(
+                "renv", unname(installed.packages()[, "Package"])
+            )
+            options(
+                repos = c(CRAN = "https://cran.rstudio.com"),
+                renv.consent = TRUE
+            )
+            install.packages(missing_pkgs)
+            renv::activate()
+            renv::restore()
+            activate_statement <- paste0(
+              'renv::activate("', file.path(getwd()), '"); '
+            )
+            writeLines(activate_statement, 'activate.R')
+            is_package <- tryCatch(
+                suppressWarnings(
+                    unname(read.dcf('DESCRIPTION')[,'Type'] == "Package")
+                ),
+                error = function(...) FALSE
+            )
+            if (is_package) {
+                renv::install(normalizePath('.'))
+            }
+            """,
+            cwd=env_dir,
+        )
+        if additional_dependencies:
+            cmd_output_b(
+                'Rscript', '-e',
+                'renv::install(commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE))',
+                *additional_dependencies,
+                cwd=env_dir,
+            )
+
+
+def run_hook(
+        hook: Hook,
+        file_args: Sequence[str],
+        color: bool,
+) -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+    with in_env(hook.prefix, hook.language_version):
+        return helpers.run_xargs(
+            hook, _cmd_from_hook(hook), file_args, color=color,
+        )
diff --git a/pre_commit/resources/empty_template_renv.lock b/pre_commit/resources/empty_template_renv.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6e31f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pre_commit/resources/empty_template_renv.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "R": {
+    "Version": "4.0.3",
+    "Repositories": [
+      {
+        "Name": "CRAN",
+        "URL": "https://cran.rstudio.com"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Packages": {
+    "renv": {
+      "Package": "renv",
+      "Version": "0.12.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "5c0cdb37f063c58cdab3c7e9fbb8bd2c"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/pre_commit/store.py b/pre_commit/store.py
index e5522ec3..187c9d35 100644
--- a/pre_commit/store.py
+++ b/pre_commit/store.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class Store:
     LOCAL_RESOURCES = (
         'Cargo.toml', 'main.go', 'go.mod', 'main.rs', '.npmignore',
         'package.json', 'pre_commit_dummy_package.gemspec', 'setup.py',
-        'environment.yml', 'Makefile.PL',
+        'environment.yml', 'Makefile.PL', 'renv.lock',
     )
 
     def make_local(self, deps: Sequence[str]) -> str:
diff --git a/testing/gen-languages-all b/testing/gen-languages-all
index d9b01bd0..eb7cd701 100755
--- a/testing/gen-languages-all
+++ b/testing/gen-languages-all
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 import sys
 
 LANGUAGES = [
-    'conda', 'coursier', 'docker', 'dotnet', 'docker_image', 'fail', 'golang',
-    'node', 'perl', 'pygrep', 'python', 'ruby', 'rust', 'script', 'swift',
-    'system',
+    'conda', 'coursier', 'docker', 'docker_image', 'dotnet', 'fail', 'golang',
+    'node', 'perl', 'pygrep', 'python', 'r', 'ruby', 'rust', 'script',
+    'swift', 'system',
 ]
 FIELDS = [
     'ENVIRONMENT_DIR', 'get_default_version', 'healthy', 'install_environment',
diff --git a/testing/get-r.ps1 b/testing/get-r.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7b7b619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/get-r.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+$dir = $Env:Temp
+$urlR = "https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/old/4.0.4/R-4.0.4-win.exe"
+$outputR = "$dir\R-win.exe"
+$wcR = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
+$wcR.DownloadFile($urlR, $outputR)
+Start-Process -FilePath $outputR -ArgumentList "/S /v/qn"
diff --git a/testing/get-r.sh b/testing/get-r.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5d09828e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/get-r.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+sudo apt install r-base
+# create empty folder for user library.
+# necessary for non-root users who have
+# never installed an R package before.
+# Alternatively, we require the renv
+# package to be installed already, then we can
+# omit that.
+Rscript -e 'dir.create(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER"), recursive = TRUE)'
diff --git a/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3545d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/.pre-commit-hooks.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# parsing file
+-   id: parse-file-no-opts-no-args
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: Rscript parse-file-no-opts-no-args.R
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+-   id: parse-file-no-opts-args
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: Rscript parse-file-no-opts-args.R
+    args: [--no-cache]
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+## parsing expr
+-   id: parse-expr-no-opts-no-args-1
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: Rscript -e '1+1'
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+-   id: parse-expr-args-in-entry-2
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: Rscript -e '1+1' -e '3' --no-cache3
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+# real world
+-   id: hello-world
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: Rscript hello-world.R
+    args: [blibla]
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+-   id: hello-world-inline
+    name: Say hi
+    entry: |
+      Rscript -e
+      'stopifnot(
+        packageVersion("rprojroot") == "1.0",
+        packageVersion("gli.clu") == "0.0.0.9000"
+      )
+      cat(commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE), "from R!\n", sep = ", ")
+      '
+    args: ['Hi-there']
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
+-   id: additional-deps
+    name: Check additional deps
+    entry: Rscript additional-deps.R
+    language: r
+    types: [r]
diff --git a/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/DESCRIPTION b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/DESCRIPTION
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e597a8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/DESCRIPTION
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Package: gli.clu
+Title: What the Package Does (One Line, Title Case)
+Type: Package
+Version: 0.0.0.9000
+Authors@R:
+    person(given = "First",
+           family = "Last",
+           role = c("aut", "cre"),
+           email = "first.last@example.com",
+           comment = c(ORCID = "YOUR-ORCID-ID"))
+Description: What the package does (one paragraph).
+License: `use_mit_license()`, `use_gpl3_license()` or friends to
+    pick a license
+Encoding: UTF-8
+LazyData: true
+Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE)
+RoxygenNote: 7.1.1
+Imports:
+    rprojroot
diff --git a/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/additional-deps.R b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/additional-deps.R
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..bc145951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/additional-deps.R
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+suppressPackageStartupMessages(library("cachem"))
+cat("OK\n")
diff --git a/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/hello-world.R b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/hello-world.R
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..bf8d92f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/hello-world.R
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+stopifnot(
+    packageVersion('rprojroot') == '1.0',
+    packageVersion('gli.clu') == '0.0.0.9000'
+)
+cat("Hello, World, from R!\n")
diff --git a/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/renv.lock b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/renv.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7d5fdcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/r_hooks_repo/renv.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "R": {
+    "Version": "4.0.3",
+    "Repositories": [
+      {
+        "Name": "CRAN",
+        "URL": "https://cloud.r-project.org"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Packages": {
+    "renv": {
+      "Package": "renv",
+      "Version": "0.12.5",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "5c0cdb37f063c58cdab3c7e9fbb8bd2c"
+    },
+    "rprojroot": {
+      "Package": "rprojroot",
+      "Version": "1.0",
+      "Source": "Repository",
+      "Repository": "CRAN",
+      "Hash": "86704667fe0860e4fec35afdfec137f3"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/languages/r_test.py b/tests/languages/r_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c046efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/languages/r_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import os.path
+
+import pytest
+
+from pre_commit.languages import r
+from testing.fixtures import make_config_from_repo
+from testing.fixtures import make_repo
+from tests.repository_test import _get_hook_no_install
+
+
+def _test_r_parsing(
+    tempdir_factory,
+    store,
+    hook_id,
+    expected_hook_expr={},
+    expected_args={},
+):
+    repo_path = 'r_hooks_repo'
+    path = make_repo(tempdir_factory, repo_path)
+    config = make_config_from_repo(path)
+    hook = _get_hook_no_install(config, store, hook_id)
+    ret = r._cmd_from_hook(hook)
+    expected_cmd = 'Rscript'
+    expected_opts = (
+        '--no-save', '--no-restore', '--no-site-file', '--no-environ',
+    )
+    expected_path = os.path.join(
+        hook.prefix.prefix_dir, '.'.join([hook_id, 'R']),
+    )
+    expected = (
+        expected_cmd,
+        *expected_opts,
+        *(expected_hook_expr or (expected_path,)),
+        *expected_args,
+    )
+    assert ret == expected
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_file_no_opts_no_args(tempdir_factory, store):
+    hook_id = 'parse-file-no-opts-no-args'
+    _test_r_parsing(tempdir_factory, store, hook_id)
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_file_opts_no_args(tempdir_factory, store):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
+        r._entry_validate(['Rscript', '--no-init', '/path/to/file'])
+
+    msg = excinfo.value.args
+    assert msg == (
+        'The only valid syntax is `Rscript -e {expr}`',
+        'or `Rscript path/to/hook/script`',
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_file_no_opts_args(tempdir_factory, store):
+    hook_id = 'parse-file-no-opts-args'
+    expected_args = ['--no-cache']
+    _test_r_parsing(
+        tempdir_factory, store, hook_id, expected_args=expected_args,
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_expr_no_opts_no_args1(tempdir_factory, store):
+    hook_id = 'parse-expr-no-opts-no-args-1'
+    _test_r_parsing(
+        tempdir_factory, store, hook_id, expected_hook_expr=('-e', '1+1'),
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_expr_no_opts_no_args2(tempdir_factory, store):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as execinfo:
+        r._entry_validate(['Rscript', '-e', '1+1', '-e', 'letters'])
+    msg = execinfo.value.args
+    assert msg == ('You can supply at most one expression.',)
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_expr_opts_no_args2(tempdir_factory, store):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as execinfo:
+        r._entry_validate(
+            [
+                'Rscript', '--vanilla', '-e', '1+1', '-e', 'letters',
+            ],
+        )
+    msg = execinfo.value.args
+    assert msg == (
+        'The only valid syntax is `Rscript -e {expr}`',
+        'or `Rscript path/to/hook/script`',
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_expr_args_in_entry2(tempdir_factory, store):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as execinfo:
+        r._entry_validate(['Rscript', '-e', 'expr1', '--another-arg'])
+
+    msg = execinfo.value.args
+    assert msg == ('You can supply at most one expression.',)
+
+
+def test_r_parsing_expr_non_Rscirpt(tempdir_factory, store):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as execinfo:
+        r._entry_validate(['AnotherScript', '-e', '{{}}'])
+
+    msg = execinfo.value.args
+    assert msg == ('entry must start with `Rscript`.',)
diff --git a/tests/repository_test.py b/tests/repository_test.py
index da678a32..b6f7fb25 100644
--- a/tests/repository_test.py
+++ b/tests/repository_test.py
@@ -279,6 +279,54 @@ def test_node_hook_with_npm_userconfig_set(tempdir_factory, store, tmpdir):
         test_run_a_node_hook(tempdir_factory, store)
 
 
+def test_r_hook(tempdir_factory, store):
+    _test_hook_repo(
+        tempdir_factory, store, 'r_hooks_repo',
+        'hello-world', [os.devnull],
+        b'Hello, World, from R!\n',
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_inline_hook(tempdir_factory, store):
+    _test_hook_repo(
+        tempdir_factory, store, 'r_hooks_repo',
+        'hello-world-inline', ['some-file'],
+        b'Hi-there, some-file, from R!\n',
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_with_additional_dependencies_hook(tempdir_factory, store):
+    _test_hook_repo(
+        tempdir_factory, store, 'r_hooks_repo',
+        'additional-deps', [os.devnull],
+        b'OK\n',
+        config_kwargs={
+            'hooks': [{
+                'id': 'additional-deps',
+                'additional_dependencies': ['cachem@1.0.4'],
+            }],
+        },
+    )
+
+
+def test_r_local_with_additional_dependencies_hook(store):
+    config = {
+        'repo': 'local',
+        'hooks': [{
+            'id': 'local-r',
+            'name': 'local-r',
+            'entry': 'Rscript -e',
+            'language': 'r',
+            'args': ['if (packageVersion("R6") == "2.1.3") cat("OK\n")'],
+            'additional_dependencies': ['R6@2.1.3'],
+        }],
+    }
+    hook = _get_hook(config, store, 'local-r')
+    ret, out = _hook_run(hook, (), color=False)
+    assert ret == 0
+    assert _norm_out(out) == b'OK\n'
+
+
 def test_run_a_ruby_hook(tempdir_factory, store):
     _test_hook_repo(
         tempdir_factory, store, 'ruby_hooks_repo',